Analysis of amp.sys: suspicious verdict, risk score 45/100. 1 YARA match, 1/75 multi-engine detections. SHA256 cbb8239a765bf5b2. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver amp.sys and assigned a verdict of Suspicious with a composite risk score of 45/100, indicating some risk signals warranting review (30-59 band).
| Verdict | Suspicious (45/100) |
| YARA matches | 1 |
| Multi-engine detections | 1 / 75 |
| File size | 174856 bytes |
| Code-signing signer | Symantec Time Stamping Services CA - G2 |
| Analyzed | 2026-09-06 |
| SHA256 | cbb8239a765bf5b2c1b6a5c8832d2cab8fef5deacadfb65d8ed43ef56d291ab6 |
| SHA1 | 3f223581409492172a1e875f130f3485b90fbe5f |
| MD5 | c533d6d64b474ffc3169a0e0fc0a701a |
Version resource data embedded in the amp.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.
| File description | AMP Minifilter |
|---|---|
| Product | CYREN AMP 5 |
| Company | CYREN Inc. |
| Original filename | amp.sys |
| Internal name | AMP |
| File version | 5.4.11.1 |
| Copyright | Copyright © 1999 - 2014. CYREN Inc. All rights reserved. |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 5 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 100 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 100 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 100 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 80 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of amp.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| ZwOpenProcess | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| MmGetSystemRoutineAddress | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| IoGetDeviceObjectPointer | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwSetValueKey | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ObReferenceObjectByHandle | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwSetInformationFile | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwWriteFile | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwCreateKey | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwQueryValueKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoCreateSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitAnsiString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwCreateFile | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeDelayExecutionThread | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwQueryInformationFile | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoCreateDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExFreePool | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwReadFile | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeSetEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeWaitForSingleObject | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwClose | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePool | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IofCompleteRequest | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeInitializeEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x0080B883 | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3616 |
| 0x0080888B | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #546 |
| 0x00808D8B | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #866 |
| 0x0080808B | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #34 |
| 0x00802494 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2341 |
| 0x0022E838 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #2574 |
| 0x0080BA4A | medium | METHOD_OUT_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3730 |
| 0x00802484 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2337 |
| 0x008024A4 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2345 |
| 0x0022E820 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #2568 |
| 0x0080249C | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2343 |
| 0x00808389 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #226 |
| 0x008024BC | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2351 |
| 0x0080248C | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2339 |
| 0x00222424 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #2313 |
| 0x00223824 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3593 |
| 0x008087E8 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #506 |
| 0x00343024 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3081 |
| 0x00342444 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #2321 |
| 0x0022B9F1 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3708 |
| 0x0080B941 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3664 |
| 0x0080E905 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2625 |
| 0x0080E900 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2624 |
| 0x0080C481 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #288 |
Showing 24 of 34 extracted control codes.
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0x1F960 | 0x1FA00 | 5.79 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x4F90 | 0x5000 | 4.5 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x2B40 | 0x0C00 | 2.41 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x19C8 | 0x1A00 | 5.26 | IDATA, READ |
| INIT | 0x0F3A | 0x1000 | 4.92 | CODE, EXEC, READ, WRITE, DISCARD |
| .rsrc | 0x04B8 | 0x0600 | 2.93 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x02B6 | 0x0400 | 2.06 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Not enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Not enabled |
| DEP | Not enabled |
| Integrity check | Not enforced |
| Mitigation score | 5 / 100 |
| Rule | Severity | Detects |
|---|---|---|
| PUA_VULN_Driver_Cyreninc_Amp_Cyrenamp_CBB8 | medium | Detects vulnerable driver mentioned in known-vulnerable driver corpus project using VersionInfo values from the PE header - amp.sys. Investigate matches in context: expected filenames or standard vend... |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1055.001 | Process Injection: DLL Injection | Defense Evasion |
| T1068 | Exploitation for Privilege Escalation | Privilege Escalation |
| T1071 | Application Layer Protocol | Command and Control |
| T1112 | Modify Registry | Defense Evasion |
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1489 | Service Stop | Impact |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1547.001 | Registry Run Keys | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.001 | Impair Defenses | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | Service Execution | Execution |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
| Signer | Symantec Time Stamping Services CA - G2 |
|---|---|
| Signer organisation | Symantec Corporation |
| Issuer | Thawte Timestamping CA |
| Serial | 7E93EBFB7CC64E59EA4B9A77D406FC3B |
| Valid from | 2012-12-21 00:00 UTC |
| Valid until | 2020-12-30 23:59 UTC (expired) |
| Signature validity | Not verified |
Engine angr, status static_approximation, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.
Corpus match: this hash is present in the known-vulnerable driver corpus DriverShield cross-references during analysis, which is why the score carries a full weighting on that component.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, amp.sys shows some suspicious signals and warrants manual review. Its composite risk score is 45/100 (verdict: suspicious). Always validate findings independently before acting.
amp.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 45/100, placing it in the suspicious verdict band. SHA256: cbb8239a765bf5b2c1b6a5c8832d2cab8fef5deacadfb65d8ed43ef56d291ab6.
amp.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by Symantec Time Stamping Services CA - G2.
Related: Other drivers signed by Symantec Time Stamping Services CA - G2 · What an IOCTL dispatch code is · How YARA matching feeds the score · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas