Analysis of KSLD.sys: suspicious verdict, risk score 58/100. 1 YARA match, 0/75 multi-engine detections. SHA256 224fec726efabd57. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver KSLD.sys and assigned a verdict of Suspicious with a composite risk score of 58/100, indicating some risk signals warranting review (30-59 band).
| Verdict | Suspicious (58/100) |
| YARA matches | 1 |
| Multi-engine detections | 0 / 75 |
| File size | 82352 bytes |
| Code-signing signer | Microsoft Windows |
| Analyzed | 2026-09-06 |
| SHA256 | 224fec726efabd577f58573dee38da401c5caa316725afd5f6db3d81cddc9686 |
| SHA1 | 8edab2f87f84264e46a8dbd177f2201644e6d34d |
| MD5 | 77b459b88c954f784afac518f5cb2fcc |
Version resource data embedded in the KSLD.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.
| File description | KSLD |
|---|---|
| Product | Microsoft Malware Protection |
| Company | Microsoft Corporation |
| Original filename | KSLD.sys |
| Internal name | KSLD |
| File version | 1.1.25111.3024 (47be3e50784573abdd606100faf731ee095eb873) |
| Copyright | © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 30 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 100 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 51 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 0 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 80 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of KSLD.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| ZwMapViewOfSection | critical | Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination |
| MmMapLockedPagesSpecifyCache | critical | Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination |
| MmMapIoSpace | critical | Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination |
| PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| ZwOpenProcess | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| HalGetBusDataByOffset | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| MmGetSystemRoutineAddress | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| NtQuerySystemInformation | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| MmUnmapIoSpace | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ObReferenceObjectByHandle | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwQuerySystemInformation | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwDeleteKey | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwDeleteFile | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| KeBugCheckEx | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwOpenKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwClose | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeSetEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwReadFile | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwQueryValueKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeWaitForSingleObject | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwQueryInformationFile | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePool2 | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| DbgPrintEx | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeInitializeEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x00347263 | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3224 |
| 0x002200F0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #60 |
| 0x0080B389 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3298 |
| 0x0080938D | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #1251 |
| 0x0034B941 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3664 |
| 0x0080C481 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #288 |
| 0x00802824 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2569 |
| 0x008024BC | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2351 |
| 0x008086B9 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #430 |
| 0x00346FE8 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3066 |
| 0x00344FE8 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #1018 |
| 0x00343BE8 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3834 |
| 0x00809F89 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2018 |
| 0x0080BB89 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3810 |
| 0x00343D00 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3904 |
| 0x00340378 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #222 |
| 0x00340032 | medium | METHOD_OUT_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #12 |
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0xB22F | 0xB400 | 6.13 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| awesome | 0x0009 | 0x0400 | 0.1 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x221C | 0x2400 | 4.35 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x0468 | 0x0400 | 0.43 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x09E4 | 0x0C00 | 3.95 | IDATA, READ |
| PAGE | 0x056A | 0x0800 | 4.75 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| INIT | 0x17D6 | 0x1800 | 6.19 | CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD |
| .rsrc | 0x03D8 | 0x0400 | 3.33 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x06B4 | 0x0800 | 5.38 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Enabled |
| DEP | Enabled |
| Integrity check | Enforced |
| Mitigation score | 90 / 100 |
| Rule | Severity | Detects |
|---|---|---|
| SUSP_PhysMem | high | Physical memory mapping |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1003 | OS Credential Dumping | Credential Access |
| T1003.001 | OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | Credential Access |
| T1006 | Direct Volume Access | Defense Evasion |
| T1014 | Rootkit | Defense Evasion |
| T1055.001 | Process Injection: DLL Injection | Defense Evasion |
| T1055.012 | Process Hollowing | Defense Evasion |
| T1068 | Exploitation for Privilege Escalation | Privilege Escalation |
| T1071 | Application Layer Protocol | Command and Control |
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1489 | Service Stop | Impact |
| T1542.001 | Pre-OS Boot: System Firmware | Persistence |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.001 | Impair Defenses: Disable/Modify Tools | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.006 | Indicator Blocking | Defense Evasion |
| T1564.001 | Hidden Files and Directories | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | Service Execution | Execution |
| T1601 | Modify System Image | Defense Evasion |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
| Signer | Microsoft Windows |
|---|---|
| Signer organisation | Microsoft Corporation |
| Issuer | Microsoft Windows Production PCA 2011 |
| Serial | 3300000518418419ADCBAD294F000000000518 |
| Valid from | 2025-06-19 18:11 UTC |
| Valid until | 2026-06-17 18:11 UTC (expired) |
| Signature validity | Not verified |
Engine angr, status timeout, 76 paths explored at a maximum depth of 76. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 12.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, KSLD.sys shows some suspicious signals and warrants manual review. Its composite risk score is 58/100 (verdict: suspicious). Always validate findings independently before acting.
KSLD.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 58/100, placing it in the suspicious verdict band. SHA256: 224fec726efabd577f58573dee38da401c5caa316725afd5f6db3d81cddc9686.
KSLD.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by Microsoft Windows.
Related: Other drivers signed by Microsoft Windows · What an IOCTL dispatch code is · How YARA matching feeds the score · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas