ndis.sys - Vulnerable (72/100) - DriverShield Analysis

Analysis of ndis.sys: vulnerable verdict, risk score 72/100. 2 YARA matches, 0/75 multi-engine detections. SHA256 052af5c0c624be28. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.

ndis.sys - Analysis Report

DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver ndis.sys and assigned a verdict of Vulnerable with a composite risk score of 72/100, indicating a known or likely vulnerability surface (60-79 band).

Verdict	Vulnerable (72/100)
YARA matches	2
Multi-engine detections	0 / 75
File size	1877472 bytes
Code-signing signer	Microsoft Windows
Analyzed	2026-10-11
SHA256	052af5c0c624be28635b4f53d0ca7ef86f02352d0ab177c8eecf8ae085e888bf
SHA1	9c96a1a847d1c05f5d57b796bd5c02176ba237ed
MD5	05f8876f4386a0d95698a1611c0c3694

Driver identity

Version resource data embedded in the ndis.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.

File description	Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS)
Product	Microsoft® Windows® Operating System
Company	Microsoft Corporation
Original filename	NDIS.SYS
Internal name	NDIS.SYS
File version	10.0.26100.9278 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Copyright	© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

How the 72/100 score breaks down

Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.

Component	Sub-score
Multi-engine consensus	0 / 100
YARA signature matches	80 / 100
Dangerous kernel imports	100 / 100
IOCTL dispatch surface	100 / 100
Known-vulnerable corpus	0 / 100
Code-signing state	0 / 100
Packing and entropy	0 / 100
Dynamic behaviour	0 / 100
CVE cross-reference	0 / 100

Kernel imports (38)

Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of ndis.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.

API	Risk	Why it matters
MmMapLockedPages	critical	Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination
MmMapLockedPagesSpecifyCache	critical	Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination
MmGetSystemRoutineAddress	high	Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass
MmGetPhysicalAddress	high	Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass
IoGetDeviceObjectPointer	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ObOpenObjectByPointer	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
MmUnmapIoSpace	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
KeBugCheckEx	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ZwSetValueKey	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ZwQuerySystemInformation	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ZwCreateKey	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ObReferenceObjectByHandle	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ZwCreateFile	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ExAllocatePoolWithTag	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoDeleteDevice	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ZwReadFile	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoCreateDeviceSecure	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeSetEvent	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
PsGetCurrentProcess	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
RtlInitUnicodeString	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ExAllocatePool2	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoCreateDevice	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ZwOpenKey	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoDeleteSymbolicLink	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeInitializeEvent	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeDelayExecutionThread	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoCreateSymbolicLink	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IofCompleteRequest	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign

Showing the 28 highest-relevance imports of 38 resolved.

IOCTL dispatch codes (40)

Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.

Code	Severity	Transfer	Description
0x0080858B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #354
0x0080A58B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2402
0x00347983	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #3680
0x0080840F	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #259
0x00808D8B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #866
0x0080BD8B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3938
0x0080860F	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #387
0x008086F7	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #445
0x0080838B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #226
0x0080868B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #418
0x0034BEFF	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #4031
0x003443C7	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #241
0x00808B8B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #738
0x0022BB07	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3777
0x0080808B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #34
0x0080878B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #482
0x008082B7	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #173
0x0022BAFF	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3775
0x008085C7	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #369
0x00346383	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #2272
0x0080850F	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #323
0x0080870F	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #451
0x0080998B	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #1634
0x0022B8FF	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3647

Showing 24 of 40 extracted control codes.

PE sections

Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.

Section	Virtual size	Raw size	Entropy	Flags
.text	0xFA1A8	0xFB000	6.32	CODE, EXEC, READ
fothk	0x1000	0x1000	0.03	CODE, EXEC, READ
.rdata	0x27BD8	0x28000	5.43	IDATA, READ
.data	0x3A50	0x2000	1.75	IDATA, READ, WRITE
.pdata	0x11340	0x12000	5.98	IDATA, READ
.idata	0x44A2	0x5000	4.56	IDATA, READ
NONPAGE	0x00B0	0x1000	0.04	IDATA, READ, WRITE
PAGE	0x3AA89	0x3B000	6.35	CODE, EXEC, READ
PAGENPNP	0x13834	0x14000	6.3	CODE, EXEC, READ
.edata	0x4DC3	0x5000	5.67	IDATA, READ
PAGEDATA	0x15C8	0x2000	4.36	IDATA, READ, WRITE
INIT	0x3D03	0x4000	6.19	CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD
GFIDS	0x1778	0x2000	4.05	IDATA, READ, DISCARD
.rsrc	0x225A0	0x23000	3.81	IDATA, READ, DISCARD
.reloc	0x9548	0xA000	5.74	IDATA, READ, DISCARD

Exploit mitigations

Control Flow Guard	Enabled
ASLR	Enabled
DEP	Enabled
Integrity check	Not enforced
Mitigation score	100 / 100

CFG Enabled - Control Flow Guard is active - indirect calls are validated against a bitmap of valid targets at runtime.
ASLR Enabled - Address Space Layout Randomization is active - base address is randomized on each load.
DEP/NX Enabled - Data Execution Prevention is active - non-executable pages cannot be executed.
Valid Signature - The driver has a valid, non-expired digital signature.

YARA rule matches (2)

Rule	Severity	Detects
BYOVD_MemRW	critical	Phys memory mapping + device creation
SUSP_PhysMem	high	Physical memory mapping

MITRE ATT&CK techniques (11)

Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.

ID	Technique	Tactic
T1003.001	OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory	Credential Access
T1055.012	Process Hollowing	Defense Evasion
T1068	Exploitation for Privilege Escalation	Privilege Escalation
T1071	Application Layer Protocol	Command and Control
T1112	Modify Registry	Defense Evasion
T1211	Exploitation for Defense Evasion	Defense Evasion
T1543.003	Windows Service	Persistence
T1547.001	Registry Run Keys	Persistence
T1553.002	Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing	Defense Evasion
T1569.002	Service Execution	Execution
T1652	Device Driver Discovery	Discovery

Code-signing chain

Signer	Microsoft Windows
Signer organisation	Microsoft Corporation
Issuer	Microsoft Windows Production PCA 2011
Serial	330000059A5799D41EE6322D2E00000000059A
Valid from	2026-04-16 19:09 UTC
Valid until	2026-10-17 19:09 UTC
Signature validity	Verified

Certificate revision: 0x0200
Certificate type: PKCS#7
Chain: Microsoft Windows Production PCA 2011

Symbolic execution

Engine angr, status completed, 100 paths explored at a maximum depth of 100. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.

Frequently asked questions about ndis.sys

Is ndis.sys safe?

Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, ndis.sys is flagged as vulnerable and is a potential Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) risk. Its composite risk score is 72/100 (verdict: vulnerable). Always validate findings independently before acting.

What is the risk score of ndis.sys?

ndis.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 72/100, placing it in the vulnerable verdict band. SHA256: 052af5c0c624be28635b4f53d0ca7ef86f02352d0ab177c8eecf8ae085e888bf.

What is ndis.sys?

ndis.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by Microsoft Windows.