Analysis of l1malwarebits.sys: suspicious verdict, risk score 58/100. 2 YARA matches, 0/76 multi-engine detections. SHA256 d6d219628ab3acdc. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver l1malwarebits.sys and assigned a verdict of Suspicious with a composite risk score of 58/100, indicating some risk signals warranting review (30-59 band).
| Verdict | Suspicious (58/100) |
| YARA matches | 2 |
| Multi-engine detections | 0 / 76 |
| File size | 30776 bytes |
| Code-signing signer | Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher |
| Analyzed | 2026-04-21 |
| SHA256 | d6d219628ab3acdc799b1b631d378742a4b266d6f55b12e568e4054091b08be6 |
| SHA1 | 36c520b1d814ee89bd9161f6b31953fa2ae7850b |
| MD5 | b3ce4e620e0e7c45f84000c5eac2a8e9 |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 80 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 100 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 36 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 0 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 80 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of l1malwarebits.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| MmCopyVirtualMemory | critical | Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination |
| MmGetSystemRoutineAddress | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| PsLookupProcessByProcessId | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| MmUnmapIoSpace | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwQuerySystemInformation | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| IoCreateDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePool | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| DbgPrint | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoCreateSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitAnsiString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwClose | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IofCompleteRequest | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| DbgPrintEx | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x0080830F | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #195 |
| 0x002200F0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #60 |
| 0x0022B7E8 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3578 |
| 0x00221844 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #1553 |
| 0x0080248C | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2339 |
| 0x00348B05 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #705 |
| 0x00228715 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #453 |
| 0x00225715 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #1477 |
| 0x00222F15 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3013 |
| 0x00220F05 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #961 |
| 0x00220F15 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #965 |
| 0x00220020 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #8 |
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0x2C5D | 0x2E00 | 6.11 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x0C7C | 0x0E00 | 4.3 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x0378 | 0x0200 | 0.81 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x0288 | 0x0400 | 2.89 | IDATA, READ |
| INIT | 0x064A | 0x0800 | 4.2 | CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x0038 | 0x0200 | 0.73 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Enabled |
| DEP | Enabled |
| Integrity check | Not enforced |
| Mitigation score | 85 / 100 |
| Rule | Severity | Detects |
|---|---|---|
| BYOVD_MemRW | critical | Phys memory mapping + device creation |
| SUSP_PhysMem | high | Physical memory mapping |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1003 | OS Credential Dumping | Credential Access |
| T1003.001 | OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | Credential Access |
| T1006 | Direct Volume Access | Defense Evasion |
| T1055.001 | Process Injection: DLL Injection | Defense Evasion |
| T1055.012 | Process Hollowing | Defense Evasion |
| T1068 | Exploitation for Privilege Escalation | Privilege Escalation |
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1489 | Service Stop | Impact |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.001 | Impair Defenses: Disable/Modify Tools | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | Service Execution | Execution |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
| Signer | Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher |
|---|---|
| Signer organisation | Microsoft Corporation |
| Issuer | Microsoft Windows Third Party Component CA 2014 |
| Serial | 3300000062F45CF99E58A96A89000000000062 |
| Valid from | 2023-04-06 19:16 UTC |
| Valid until | 2024-04-03 19:16 UTC (expired) |
| Signature validity | Not verified |
Engine angr, status static_approximation, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, l1malwarebits.sys shows some suspicious signals and warrants manual review. Its composite risk score is 58/100 (verdict: suspicious). Always validate findings independently before acting.
l1malwarebits.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 58/100, placing it in the suspicious verdict band. SHA256: d6d219628ab3acdc799b1b631d378742a4b266d6f55b12e568e4054091b08be6.
l1malwarebits.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher.
Related: Other drivers signed by Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher · What an IOCTL dispatch code is · How YARA matching feeds the score · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas