Analysis of wsftprm.sys: vulnerable verdict, risk score 72/100. 2 YARA matches, 12/75 multi-engine detections. SHA256 ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d9. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver wsftprm.sys and assigned a verdict of Vulnerable with a composite risk score of 72/100, indicating a known or likely vulnerability surface (60-79 band).
| Verdict | Vulnerable (72/100) |
| YARA matches | 2 |
| Multi-engine detections | 12 / 75 |
| File size | 38816 bytes |
| Code-signing signer | DigiCert Trusted G4 Code Signing RSA4096 SHA384 2021 CA1 |
| Analyzed | 2026-08-15 |
| SHA256 | ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d97b6f3ef412df0b977ba4a844c45b30ca78c0eeb2653d69a8 |
| SHA1 | f8a3f28ecbd0b08ecab73ef571f16c3d0bd5e009 |
| MD5 | 2f4b5a0d98bc4e5616f2dd04337ae674 |
Version resource data embedded in the wsftprm.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.
| File description | Topaz OFD - PM |
|---|---|
| Product | wsddprm |
| Company | Topaz OFD |
| Original filename | wsftprm.sys |
| Internal name | wsddprm.sys |
| File version | 2.0.0.0 |
| Copyright | Copyright 2022 - Topaz OFD |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 10 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 100 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 63 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 100 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 0 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of wsftprm.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| ZwTerminateProcess | critical | Highly dangerous - potential for arbitrary code execution, memory corruption, or process termination |
| ZwOpenProcess | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ZwSetValueKey | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ObReferenceObjectByHandle | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IofCompleteRequest | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwOpenKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoCreateDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeSetEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeWaitForSingleObject | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoCreateSymbolicLink | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwClose | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeInitializeEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| IoDeleteDevice | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwQueryValueKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x00222000 | medium (known exploit) | METHOD_BUFFERED | Driver communication init |
| 0x002200F0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #60 |
| 0x00222024 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #2057 |
| 0x00220F15 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #965 |
| 0x003402C0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #176 |
| 0x98768869 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | CUSTOM_PROCESS Function #538 |
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0x21B0 | 0x2200 | 6.18 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x0834 | 0x0A00 | 3.66 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x1A20 | 0x0600 | 6.19 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x030C | 0x0400 | 3.3 | IDATA, READ |
| INIT | 0x04E8 | 0x0600 | 4.36 | CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD |
| .rsrc | 0x0320 | 0x0400 | 2.67 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x0030 | 0x0200 | 0.64 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Enabled |
| DEP | Enabled |
| Integrity check | Enforced |
| Mitigation score | 100 / 100 |
| Rule | Severity | Detects |
|---|---|---|
| PUA_VULN_Driver_Topazofd_Wsddprmsys_Wsddprm_FF5D | medium | Detects vulnerable driver mentioned in known-vulnerable driver corpus project using VersionInfo values from the PE header - wsftprm.sys. Investigate matches in context: expected filenames or standard ... |
| SUSP_Callbacks | medium | Kernel callback registration |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1014 | Rootkit | Defense Evasion |
| T1055.001 | Process Injection: DLL Injection | Defense Evasion |
| T1068 | Exploitation for Privilege Escalation | Privilege Escalation |
| T1071 | Application Layer Protocol | Command and Control |
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1489 | Service Stop | Impact |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.001 | Disable/Modify Tools | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.006 | Indicator Blocking | Defense Evasion |
| T1564.001 | Hidden Files and Directories | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | System Services: Service Execution | Execution |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
| Signer | DigiCert Trusted G4 Code Signing RSA4096 SHA384 2021 CA1 |
|---|---|
| Signer organisation | DigiCert, Inc. |
| Issuer | DigiCert Trusted Root G4 |
| Serial | 8AD40B260D29C4C9F5ECDA9BD93AED9 |
| Valid from | 2021-04-29 00:00 UTC |
| Valid until | 2036-04-28 23:59 UTC |
| Signature validity | Verified |
Engine angr, status static_approximation, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.
Corpus match: this hash is present in the known-vulnerable driver corpus DriverShield cross-references during analysis, which is why the score carries a full weighting on that component.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, wsftprm.sys is flagged as vulnerable and is a potential Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) risk. Its composite risk score is 72/100 (verdict: vulnerable). Always validate findings independently before acting.
wsftprm.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 72/100, placing it in the vulnerable verdict band. SHA256: ff5dbdcf6d7ae5d97b6f3ef412df0b977ba4a844c45b30ca78c0eeb2653d69a8.
wsftprm.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by DigiCert Trusted G4 Code Signing RSA4096 SHA384 2021 CA1.
Related: Other drivers signed by DigiCert Trusted G4 Code Signing RSA4096 SHA384 2021 CA1 · What an IOCTL dispatch code is · How YARA matching feeds the score · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas