Analysis of USBCAMD2.sys: clean verdict, risk score 12/100. 0 YARA matches. SHA256 4af0f7719550ab68. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver USBCAMD2.sys and assigned a verdict of Clean with a composite risk score of 12/100, indicating no notable risk signals (0-29 band).
| Verdict | Clean (12/100) |
| YARA matches | 0 |
| File size | 40448 bytes |
| Analyzed | 2026-03-22 |
| SHA256 | 4af0f7719550ab68f11c942dabdf7b72db462ca2070ea4364f6102a0ed81c67c |
| SHA1 | b3d0c254de73669eab4582a4bca9967ed4b469b7 |
| MD5 | 9b9a6988412c7c3e1bee2e49298025ac |
Version resource data embedded in the USBCAMD2.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.
| File description | Universal Serial Bus Camera Driver |
|---|---|
| Product | Microsoft® Windows® Operating System |
| Company | Microsoft Corporation |
| Original filename | usbcamd2.sys |
| Internal name | usbcamd2.sys |
| File version | 10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800) |
| Copyright | © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 0 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 27 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 36 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 0 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 50 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of USBCAMD2.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| ObReferenceObjectByHandle | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| ExFreePool | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeDelayExecutionThread | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeSetEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeInitializeEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwClose | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeWaitForSingleObject | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ZwQueryValueKey | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x00220017 | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #5 |
| 0x00220007 | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #1 |
| 0x008002C7 | high | METHOD_NEITHER | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #177 |
| 0x0080AF38 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3022 |
| 0x0080EC81 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2848 |
| 0x00809315 | medium | METHOD_IN_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #1221 |
| 0x008024B4 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2349 |
| 0x008081C6 | medium | METHOD_OUT_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #113 |
| 0x008024BC | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2351 |
| 0x00802484 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2337 |
| 0x0080B902 | medium | METHOD_OUT_DIRECT | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #3648 |
| 0x003403AC | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #235 |
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0x6AE9 | 0x6C00 | 6.05 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x0948 | 0x0A00 | 4.4 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x0160 | 0x0200 | 1.61 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x0408 | 0x0600 | 3.18 | IDATA, READ |
| .idata | 0x0680 | 0x0800 | 3.8 | IDATA, READ |
| .guids | 0x0050 | 0x0200 | 1.34 | IDATA, READ |
| .edata | 0x0150 | 0x0200 | 3.78 | IDATA, READ |
| INIT | 0x0072 | 0x0200 | 1.68 | CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD |
| GFIDS | 0x00A0 | 0x0200 | 1.22 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .rsrc | 0x0420 | 0x0600 | 2.46 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x04DC | 0x0600 | 4.71 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Enabled |
| DEP | Enabled |
| Integrity check | Not enforced |
| Mitigation score | 80 / 100 |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1553.006 | Code Signing Policy Modification | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | System Services: Service Execution | Execution |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
Engine angr, status no_findings, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, USBCAMD2.sys is assessed as clean, with no notable risk signals. Its composite risk score is 12/100 (verdict: clean). Always validate findings independently before acting.
USBCAMD2.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 12/100, placing it in the clean verdict band. SHA256: 4af0f7719550ab68f11c942dabdf7b72db462ca2070ea4364f6102a0ed81c67c.
USBCAMD2.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators.
Related: What an IOCTL dispatch code is · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas