kbdclass.sys - Clean (24/100) - DriverShield Analysis

Analysis of kbdclass.sys: clean verdict, risk score 24/100. 0 YARA matches. SHA256 7639dcd4328c14f3. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.

kbdclass.sys - Analysis Report

DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver kbdclass.sys and assigned a verdict of Clean with a composite risk score of 24/100, indicating no notable risk signals (0-29 band).

Verdict	Clean (24/100)
YARA matches	0
File size	71480 bytes
Code-signing signer	Microsoft Windows
Analyzed	2026-03-22
SHA256	7639dcd4328c14f3fb522ec501f4df374ccbe87699eb4a2b238c9f9c526fdf59
SHA1	4751624f4cbdf55c69d89af43f8354a4ca47bc61
MD5	02a6967d5aef2f15aa9c838dbf3e1c04

Driver identity

Version resource data embedded in the kbdclass.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.

File description	Keyboard Class Driver
Product	Microsoft® Windows® Operating System
Company	Microsoft Corporation
Original filename	kbdclass.sys
Internal name	kbdclass.sys
File version	10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Copyright	© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

How the 24/100 score breaks down

Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.

Component	Sub-score
Multi-engine consensus	0 / 100
YARA signature matches	0 / 100
Dangerous kernel imports	72 / 100
IOCTL dispatch surface	51 / 100
Known-vulnerable corpus	0 / 100
Code-signing state	80 / 100
Packing and entropy	0 / 100
Dynamic behaviour	0 / 100
CVE cross-reference	0 / 100

Kernel imports (16)

Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of kbdclass.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.

API	Risk	Why it matters
MmGetSystemRoutineAddress	high	Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass
IoGetDeviceObjectPointer	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
ZwSetValueKey	medium	Moderate risk - system modification capability
IoCreateDevice	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ZwQueryValueKey	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeSetEvent	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IofCompleteRequest	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeInitializeEvent	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ExAllocatePoolWithTag	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
RtlInitUnicodeString	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ZwOpenKey	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
SeSinglePrivilegeCheck	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
IoDeleteDevice	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
ZwClose	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign
KeWaitForSingleObject	low	Standard kernel API - generally benign

IOCTL dispatch codes (17)

Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.

Code	Severity	Transfer	Description
0x0080002F	high	METHOD_NEITHER	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #11
0x002200F0	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #60
0x00221284	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #1185
0x00223B85	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3809
0x00226885	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #2593
0x00224985	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #609
0x00221585	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #1377
0x00802484	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2337
0x0080EC81	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2848
0x0022B7E8	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #3578
0x00805F15	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #1989
0x0080249C	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2343
0x0034E30D	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #2243
0x0080007E	medium	METHOD_OUT_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #31
0x008024AC	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2347
0x0080808D	medium	METHOD_IN_DIRECT	FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #35
0x00340390	medium	METHOD_BUFFERED	FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #228

PE sections

Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.

Section	Virtual size	Raw size	Entropy	Flags
.text	0x644D	0x6600	5.97	CODE, EXEC, READ
.rdata	0x1B38	0x1C00	4.86	IDATA, READ
.data	0x05A8	0x0200	0.78	IDATA, READ, WRITE
.pdata	0x08A0	0x0A00	4.15	IDATA, READ
.idata	0x0B8C	0x0C00	4.47	IDATA, READ
PAGE	0x2CB7	0x2E00	6.06	CODE, EXEC, READ
INIT	0x0FED	0x1000	5.98	CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD
GFIDS	0x0098	0x0200	1.31	IDATA, READ, DISCARD
.rsrc	0x0E18	0x1000	3.16	IDATA, READ, DISCARD
.reloc	0x0788	0x0800	5.39	IDATA, READ, DISCARD

Exploit mitigations

Control Flow Guard	Enabled
ASLR	Enabled
DEP	Enabled
Integrity check	Not enforced
Mitigation score	85 / 100

CFG Enabled - Control Flow Guard is active - indirect calls are validated against a bitmap of valid targets at runtime.
ASLR Enabled - Address Space Layout Randomization is active - base address is randomized on each load.
DEP/NX Enabled - Data Execution Prevention is active - non-executable pages cannot be executed.
Expired Certificate - The driver is signed but the certificate has expired. Windows may still load it depending on revocation policy.

MITRE ATT&CK techniques (6)

Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.

ID	Technique	Tactic
T1071	Application Layer Protocol	Command and Control
T1211	Exploitation for Defense Evasion	Defense Evasion
T1543.003	Windows Service	Persistence
T1553.002	Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing	Defense Evasion
T1569.002	Service Execution	Execution
T1652	Device Driver Discovery	Discovery

Code-signing chain

Signer	Microsoft Windows
Signer organisation	Microsoft Corporation
Issuer	Microsoft Windows Production PCA 2011
Serial	330000023241FB59996DCC4DFF000000000232
Valid from	2019-05-02 21:24 UTC
Valid until	2020-05-02 21:24 UTC (expired)
Signature validity	Not verified

Certificate revision: 0x0200
Certificate type: PKCS#7
Chain: Microsoft Windows Production PCA 2011

Symbolic execution

Engine angr, status no_findings, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.

Frequently asked questions about kbdclass.sys

Is kbdclass.sys safe?

Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, kbdclass.sys is assessed as clean, with no notable risk signals. Its composite risk score is 24/100 (verdict: clean). Always validate findings independently before acting.

What is the risk score of kbdclass.sys?

kbdclass.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 24/100, placing it in the clean verdict band. SHA256: 7639dcd4328c14f3fb522ec501f4df374ccbe87699eb4a2b238c9f9c526fdf59.

What is kbdclass.sys?

kbdclass.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators. It is code-signed by Microsoft Windows.

Related: Other drivers signed by Microsoft Windows · What an IOCTL dispatch code is · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas