Analysis of IndirectKmd.sys: clean verdict, risk score 14/100. 0 YARA matches. SHA256 f98c237816f2b2c3. Kernel imports, IOCTL codes, MITRE ATT&CK, and code-signing details.
DriverShield analyzed the Windows kernel driver IndirectKmd.sys and assigned a verdict of Clean with a composite risk score of 14/100, indicating no notable risk signals (0-29 band).
| Verdict | Clean (14/100) |
| YARA matches | 0 |
| File size | 47104 bytes |
| Analyzed | 2026-03-22 |
| SHA256 | f98c237816f2b2c3f59efb4bc42231f66a9d7a7920e8d3bfb6a90163e1d29030 |
| SHA1 | cfae8365a76b14b271389b5271e8d314ebc1b638 |
| MD5 | 425a31333bedece4f04c1e0051f1ff3f |
Version resource data embedded in the IndirectKmd.sys PE header, as extracted by the analysis engine.
| File description | Indirect displays kernel-mode filter driver |
|---|---|
| Product | Microsoft® Windows® Operating System |
| Company | Microsoft Corporation |
| Original filename | IndirectKmd.sys |
| Internal name | IndirectKmd.sys |
| File version | 10.0.19041.3636 (WinBuild.160101.0800) |
| Copyright | © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. |
Each component is scored 0-100 and then weighted into the composite. See the analysis methodology for the exact formula.
| Component | Sub-score |
|---|---|
| Multi-engine consensus | 0 / 100 |
| YARA signature matches | 0 / 100 |
| Dangerous kernel imports | 54 / 100 |
| IOCTL dispatch surface | 12 / 100 |
| Known-vulnerable corpus | 0 / 100 |
| Code-signing state | 50 / 100 |
| Packing and entropy | 0 / 100 |
| Dynamic behaviour | 0 / 100 |
| CVE cross-reference | 0 / 100 |
Kernel-mode APIs resolved from the Import Address Table of IndirectKmd.sys, ranked by exploitation relevance.
| API | Risk | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| PsLookupProcessByProcessId | high | Potentially dangerous - could be used for privilege escalation or security bypass |
| ObReferenceObjectByHandle | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| IoGetDeviceObjectPointer | medium | Moderate risk - system modification capability |
| IoBuildDeviceIoControlRequest | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeDelayExecutionThread | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ExAllocatePoolWithTag | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeInitializeEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| PsGetCurrentProcess | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| RtlInitUnicodeString | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeWaitForSingleObject | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| KeSetEvent | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
| ProbeForWrite | low | Standard kernel API - generally benign |
Control codes reachable through the driver dispatch routine. Codes tied to published exploit code are flagged, since they are the primary Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) entry points.
| Code | Severity | Transfer | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x002200F0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #60 |
| 0x0080249C | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_CUSTOM Function #2343 |
| 0x0022BF00 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN Function #4032 |
| 0x003403D0 | medium | METHOD_BUFFERED | FILE_DEVICE_DISK Function #244 |
Section layout and Shannon entropy. High entropy in a code section is a packing or encryption indicator.
| Section | Virtual size | Raw size | Entropy | Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| .text | 0x1AEA | 0x1C00 | 5.72 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| .rdata | 0x0A30 | 0x0C00 | 4.56 | IDATA, READ |
| .data | 0x03E8 | 0x0200 | 2.05 | IDATA, READ, WRITE |
| .pdata | 0x072C | 0x0800 | 4.01 | IDATA, READ |
| .idata | 0x07DC | 0x0800 | 4.41 | IDATA, READ |
| PAGE | 0x617B | 0x6200 | 6.04 | CODE, EXEC, READ |
| INIT | 0x0282 | 0x0400 | 4.15 | CODE, EXEC, READ, DISCARD |
| GFIDS | 0x00F4 | 0x0200 | 1.88 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .rsrc | 0x0680 | 0x0800 | 2.83 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| .reloc | 0x0868 | 0x0A00 | 4.95 | IDATA, READ, DISCARD |
| Control Flow Guard | Enabled |
|---|---|
| ASLR | Enabled |
| DEP | Enabled |
| Integrity check | Not enforced |
| Mitigation score | 80 / 100 |
Techniques this driver could enable if loaded by an adversary.
| ID | Technique | Tactic |
|---|---|---|
| T1055.001 | Process Injection: DLL Injection | Defense Evasion |
| T1112 | Modify Registry | Defense Evasion |
| T1211 | Exploitation for Defense Evasion | Defense Evasion |
| T1489 | Service Stop | Impact |
| T1543.003 | Windows Service | Persistence |
| T1547.001 | Registry Run Keys | Persistence |
| T1553.002 | Subvert Trust Controls: Code Signing | Defense Evasion |
| T1553.006 | Code Signing Policy Modification | Defense Evasion |
| T1562.001 | Impair Defenses: Disable/Modify Tools | Defense Evasion |
| T1569.002 | Service Execution | Execution |
| T1652 | Device Driver Discovery | Discovery |
Engine angr, status no_findings, 0 paths explored at a maximum depth of 0. Vulnerability classes reached: 0. Exploitable paths: 0.
Based on DriverShield static and dynamic analysis, IndirectKmd.sys is assessed as clean, with no notable risk signals. Its composite risk score is 14/100 (verdict: clean). Always validate findings independently before acting.
IndirectKmd.sys has a DriverShield composite risk score of 14/100, placing it in the clean verdict band. SHA256: f98c237816f2b2c3f59efb4bc42231f66a9d7a7920e8d3bfb6a90163e1d29030.
IndirectKmd.sys is a Windows kernel-mode driver (.sys) analyzed by DriverShield for vulnerabilities, BYOVD abuse potential, and malware indicators.
Related: What an IOCTL dispatch code is · BYOVD research index · full driver database · CVE library · code signing atlas